S.S. Dyakov ^1-3, Zh.B. Telmanova ^1,4,5, Z.A. Bilalova ^1,5, Zh.R. Azhetova ^4,1, G.S. Igissinova ^6,1, S.T. Orozbaev ^4,1, I.O. Kudaibergenova ^2,5, N.S. Igissinov ^1,2,4,5

1. PA “Central Asian Institute for Medical Research”, Astana, the Republic of Kazakhstan;
2. SI “Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy”, Bishkek, the Kyrgyz Republic;
3. RSE CEC “National Scientific Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after Academician Batpenov N.D. of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan”, Astana, the Republic of Kazakhstan;
4. NpJSC “Astana Medical University”, Astana, the Republic of Kazakhstan;
5. PA “Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research”, Bishkek, the Kyrgyz Republic;
6. NpJSC “Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University”, Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan

DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-4-66-4-9

УДК: 616.61-006.6-036.8-079(576)

Year: 2022 issure: 66 number: 4 pages: 4-9

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ABSTRACT

Relevance: Worldwide, kidney cancer (KC) ranks sixth among the most frequently diagnosed cancers in men and 10th in women, accounting for 5% and 3% of all cancer diagnoses, respectively. In 2020, IARC reported 431,288 new cases and 179,368 deaths from KC worldwide. By 2040, they expect an increase of 40.4% in KC incidence (605,726 cases) and 59.4% in KC mortality (285,906 deaths).
The aim was to: analyze some kidney cancer indicators (incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification) to evaluate the oncological care in Kazakhstan in 2010-2019.
Methods: The material of the study was the data of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan – annual Form No. 7 and 35 concerning KC (ICD 10 – C64) for 2010-2019 – incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification. A retrospective study using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics was used as the main method.
Results: From 2010 to 2019, 10,966 new cases of KC and 3,866 deaths from this pathology were registered in Kazakhstan. KC incidence increased from 5.9±0.2%⁰⁰⁰ (2010) to 6.7±0.2%⁰⁰⁰ in 2019 (p=0.000). In dynamics, mortality rates from KC tended to decrease from 2.6±0.1%⁰⁰⁰ (2010) to 1.8±0.1%⁰⁰⁰ in 2019 (p=0.000). The study reveals a trend: the indicators of early diagnosis (the proportion of patients with stage I-II) improved from 50.7% (2010) to 69.1% in 2019, and, accordingly, the proportion of neglected patients decreased significantly with stage III (from 31.2% to 14.6%) and with stage IV (from 18.1% to 16.0%). Morphological verification indicators for KС improved by 44.7%, from 58.5% and 84.6%, respectively, in 2010 and 2019.
Conclusion: The increase in KC incidence dictates further study of cause-and-effect relationships with risk factors to develop effective preventive measures and screening programs.
Keywords: kidney cancer (KC), incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification.

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