K.T. Umurzakov ¹, D.R. Kaidarova ¹, G.M. Shalgumbayeva ², D.O. Nikoleshvili ³, A.B. Khaitmat ², S.O. Sagidullin ⁴, A.E. Ibraev ⁴,

1. «Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology» JSC, Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan;
2. «Semey Medical University» NJSC, Semey, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Kazakhstan;
3. «MediClubGeorgia» Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia;
4. MSE on REM East Kazakhstan Regional Multidisciplinary «Center of Oncology and Surgery» of the Health Department of the East Kazakhstan Region, Oskemen, the Republic of Kazakhstan;

DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-4-66-18-23

UDC: 616.65-002-006:036.22:574.4

Year: 2022 issure: 66 number: 4 pages: 18-23

Download PDF:

ABSTRACT

Relevance: From 2010 to 2019, prostate cancer morbidity increased, and prostate cancer mortality decreased in Kazakhstan. The peak incidence was observed in patients aged 70 years and older. The East Kazakhstan region had higher morbidity and mortality from prostate cancer than the national average.
The study aimed to: assess the indicators of prostate cancer epidemiology in the East Kazakhstan region from 2010 to 2019.
Methods: The study calculated prostate cancer incidence, mortality, one-year and five-year survival, and early detection from 2010 to 2019. The statistical significance was assessed by the one-factor linear regression method. Intensive epidemiological indicators were calculated per 100 000 male population.
Results: The prostate cancer incidence in East Kazakhstan increased from 2010 to 2019, while the mortality rate increased slightly. There was a statistically significant upward trend for morbidity (p=0.009) and a statistically insignificant trend for mortality (p=0.900).
The one-year survival with prostate cancer tended to decrease. However, the trend of one-year survival rates had no statistical significance (p=0.202).
The five-year survival rate of patients with prostate cancer in the East Kazakhstan region during the study period tended to decrease. However, the trend in the five-year survival rates of patients with prostate cancer in the East Kazakhstan region had no statistical significance (p=0.826).
Early detection of prostate cancer in the early stages remained sustainable in the range of 72.7-77.4. In 2019, this indicator decreased to 63.2%.
The share of prostate cancer cases detected at stage III tended to increase. The proportion of prostate cancer cases detected at stage IV tended to decrease during the study period.
Conclusion: The prostate cancer epidemiological rates in East Kazakhstan were unstable in the study period. The incidence tended to increase; the mortality rate fluctuated within small limits and remained sustainable. The one-year survival rate tended to decrease. The five-year survival rate was slightly increasing. There was an increase in the detection of prostate cancer at stage III, while the detection at stage IV tended to decrease. Early detection of prostate cancer has decreased with an increase in detection at stage III. The proportion of prostate cancer cases detected at stage IV in the study period tended to decrease.
Keywords: Prostate cancer, morbidity, mortality, survival, East Kazakhstan region.

List of sources used:

1. Bray F., Laversanne M., Weiderpass E., Soerjomataram I. The ever-increasing importance of cancer as a leading cause of premature death worldwide // Cancer. – 2021. – Vol. 127(16). – P. 3029-3030. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.33587
2. World Health Organization (WHO). Global Health Estimates 2020: Deaths by Cause, Age, Sex, by Country and by Region, 2000-2019. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates/ghe-leading-causes-of-death. 11.12.2020.
3. Mattiuzzi C., Lippi G. Current cancer epidemiology // J. Epidemiol. Glob. Health. – 2019. – Vol. 9 (4). – P. 2-17. https://doi.org/10.2991/jegh.k.191008.001
4. Gersten O., Barbieri M. Evaluation of the Cancer Transition Theory in the US, Select European Nations, and Japan by Investigating Mortality of Infectious- and Noninfectious-Related Cancers, 1950-2018 // JAMA Netw. Open. – 2021. – Vol. 4(4). – Art. ID: e215322. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.5322
5. Erembaeva A. A., Bajyzbekova D. A., Ismailova A. D. Ocenka mnogoletnej dinamiki onkologicheskoj zabolevaemosti i smertnosti v Respublike Kazaxstan s pomoshh’yu modeli avtoregressii i prointegrirovannoj skol’zyashhej srednej // Zdravooxranenie Kyrgyzstana. – 2021. – №. 2. – S. 106-112 [Eremeeva A. A., Bayyzbekova D. A., Ismailova A.D. Evaluation of the long-term dynamics of cancer incidence and mortality in the Republic of Kazakhstan using an autoregression model and an integrated moving average // Healthcare of Kyrgyzstan. – 2021. – No. 2. – P. 106-112 (in Russ.)]. https://zdrav.kg/images/106-112.pdf
6. Xakimov M.K., Iskakov M.B. Dinamika onkologicheskix zabolevanij v gruppax radiacionnogo riska postradavshego naseleniya Vostochno-Kazaxstanskoj oblasti // Vestnik KGMA imeni I.K. Axunbaeva. – 2020. – T. 1. – №. 1. – S. 59-72. [Khakimov M.K., Iskakov M.B. Dynamics of oncological diseases in radiation risk groups of the affected population of the East Kazakhstan region // Bulletin of the I.K. Akhunbayev KSMA. – 2020. – Vol. 1. – No. 1. – P. 59-72 (in Russ.)]. https://vestnik.kgma.kg/index.php/vestnik/article/view/15
7. Ospanov E.A., Adylxanov T.A., Tokanova Sh.E., Semenova Yu.M., Daulet’yarova M.A., Bolsynbekova S.O., Zhumykbaeva N.K. Zabolevaemost’ i smertnost’ ot raka predstatel’noj zhelezy v Respublike Kazaxstan za 10-letnij period (s 2007 po 2016 gg.) // Georgian Medical News – 2017. – №11(272). – S.17-22 [Ospanov E.A., Adylkhanov T.A., Tokanova Sh.E., Semenova Y.M., Dauletyarova M.A., Bolsynbekova S.O., Zhumykbaeva N.K. Prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Kazakhstan over 10 years (from 2007 to 2016) // Georgian Medical News – 2017. – No.11 (272). – P.17-22 (in Russ.)]. https://geomednews.com/s/480918712df344a4a77508d4cd7815ab/files/uploaded/V272_N11_November_2017.pdf
8. Grzhibovskij A. M., Ivanov S. V., Gorbatova M. A. Odnofaktornyj linejnyj regressionnyj analiz s ispol’zovaniem programmnogo obespecheniya Statistica i SPSS // Nauka i zdravooxranenie. – 2017. – №. 2. – S. 5-33 [Grzhibovsky A.M., Ivanov S. V., Gorbatova M. A. One-factor linear regression analysis using Statistics and SPSS software // Science and healthcare. – 2017. – No. 2. – P. 5-33 (in Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.34689/SH.2017.19.2.001
9. Ishkinin Y., Zhylkaidarova A., Nurgaliyev N., Auyezova E., Oshibayeva A., Gorbunova N. Population-based Prostate Cancer Screening in Kazakhstan // Iran J. Public Health. – 2017. – Vol. 46 (7). – P. 917-922. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28845402/
10. Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., Laversanne M., Soerjomataram I., Jemal A., Bray F. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries // CA Cancer J. Clin. – 2021. – Vol. 71(3). – P. 209-249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660
11. Gassanov Z., Kaidarova D., Ismailov Z., Nurgaliev N., Zhylkaidarova A., Nyushko K., Chingisova Z., Tanabayeva S., Fakhradiyev I. Study of prostate cancer prevalence in Kazakhstan // Arch. Balk. Med. Union. – 2020. – Vol. 55, no. 4. – P. 582-591. https://doi.org/10.31688/ABMU.2020.55.4.0
12. Chen S.L., Wang S.C., Ho C.J., Kao Y.L., Hsieh T.Y., Chen W.J., Chen C.J., Wu P.R., Ko J.L., Lee H., Sung W.W. Prostate cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios are associated with cancer care disparities in 35 countries // Sci. Rep. – 2017. – Vol. 7. – Art. ID: 40003. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40003
13. Chen J.G., Chen H.Z., Zhu J., Yang Y.L., Zhang Y.H., Huang P.X., Chen Y.S., Zhu C.Y., Yang L.P., Shen K., Qiang F.L., Wang G.R. Cancer survival in patients from a hospital-based cancer registry, China // J. Cancer. – 2018. – Vol. 9, no. 5. – P. 851-860. https://doi.org/10.7150%2Fjca.23039
14. Jung K.W., Won Y.J., Kong H.J., Oh C.M., Lee D.H., Lee J.S. Cancer statistics in Korea: Incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2011 // Cancer Res. Treat. – 2014. – Vol. 46(2). – P. 109-123. https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.46.2.109
15. Hong S., Won Y.J., Park Y.R., Jung K.W., Kong H.J., Lee E.S., Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries. Cancer statistics in Korea: incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2017 // Cancer Res. Treat. – 2020. – Vol. 52 (2). – P. 335-350. https://doi.org/10.4143%2Fcrt.2020.206
16. Jung K.W., Won Y.J., Oh C.M., Kong H.J., Lee D.H., Lee K.H., Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries. Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2014 // Cancer Res Treat. – 2017. – Vol. 49(2). – P. 292-305. https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.118
17. Zahir S.T., Nazemian M.R., Zand S., Zare S. Survival of patients with prostate cancer in Yazd, Iran. // Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. – 2014. – Vol.15 (2). – P. 883-886. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.2.883
18. Wang F., Feng J., Chen P., Liu X., Ma M., Zhou R., Chang Y., Liu J., Li J., Zhao Q. Probiotics in Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: Systematic review and network meta-analysis // Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol. – 2017. – Vol. 41(4). – P. 466-475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinre.2017.04.004
19. Xu H., Zhang L.M., Liu J., Ding G.X., Ding Q., Jiang H.W. The association between overall survival of prostate cancer patients and hypertension, hyperglycemia, and overweight in Southern China: A prospective cohort study // J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. – 2013. – Vol. 139 (6). – P. 943-951. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-013-1407-3