K.S. Pavlyuk ¹, M.G. Leonov ^2,3, A.V. Akobyan ¹, T.V. Sinitskaya ¹, O.V. Gospirovich ¹, E.A. ARTEMOVA ¹, Zh.B. Yeleubayeva ⁴,

1. «State Budgetary Healthcare Institution «Scientific Research Institute – S.V. Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1» GBUZ, Krasnodar, the Russian Federation;
2. State Budgetary Healthcare Institution «Oncological dispensary No. 3» GBUZ, Novorossiysk, the Russian Federation;
3. Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, the Russian Federation;
4. «Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology” JSC, Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan» JSC

DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.52532/2663-4864-2022-4-66-33-37

UDC: 616-008.854.6-091.82

Year: 2022 issure: 66 number: 4 pages: 33-37

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ABSTRACT

Relevance: Cytological criteria of tumors in exudate fluids are associated with specific subjective difficulties, one of which is the differential diagnosis of proliferating mesothelial and adenocarcinoma cells.
The study aimed to: increase the informational value of cytological diagnostics in a multidisciplinary hospital.
Methods: From 2018 to 2021, 10,082 serous cavity effusions (pleural – 8,166 (81%), abdominal cavity – 1,512 (15%), pericardial – 404 (4%)) were included in the cytological examination. Microscopic examination of traditional preparations was carried out, and immunocytochemical (ICC) examination was carried out in difficult diagnostic situations.
Results: In this study, in women, the traditional cytological examination of effusion fluids revealed metastatic lesions of the serous cavities in 672 cases (58%), mainly due to breast cancer progression (26%). In men, pleurisy was primarily due to metastasis of adenocarcinoma of the lung – 266 cases (23%). ICC research increased the diagnostic accuracy of cytological examination by 62-93% and the specificity – by 95-99%.
Conclusion: An algorithm for conducting ICH studies, differing in the number of panels of monoclonal antibodies used to determine the histological form and organ – the source of the tumor, has been developed. In specific cases, conducting ICR studies with 2-3 monoclonal antibodies may be enough to confirm the histological form of cancer and, where necessary, perform additional ICR studies without significant loss of time for obtaining results.
Keywords: immunocytochemistry (ICC), monoclonal antibodies, malignant tumors, pleural fluid, ascitic fluid, conventional cytology, liquid-based cytology.

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